archaeology & heritage consulting
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Cultural Resource Management (CRM)?
By definition, CRM is the work done by consulting archaeologists to identify, protect and record cultural resources, such as artifacts and heritage sites, before development or land disturbance takes place. CRM ensures that anything of cultural importance, both Indigenous and historic, are respected, documented and preserved while projects move forward responsibly.
What types of projects require CRM or archaeology and heritage services?
Impact assessments, either an AIA (British Columbia) or HRIA (Alberta), are needed when a project involves ground disturbance in areas with known or high potential for cultural resources. This can include locations near water sources, on elevated landforms or close to previously recorded sites. See our services.
What is the difference between “heritage”, “historic”, “cultural” and “archaeological”?
These terms are often used interchangeably but have specific meanings under provincial legislation. Archaeological sites are the physical remains of past human activity (older than 50 years in Alberta or dating before 1846 in British Columbia).
In Alberta, archaeological, palaeontological, historic, cultural and heritage resources are managed under a single umbrella and collectively referred to as historic resources through the Historical Resources Act.
In British Columbia, the Heritage Conservation Act recognizes heritage sites, heritage objects, and heritage value, with archaeological sites managed as a distinct and specifically protected category.
How long does a field or impact assessment take?
This varies depending on project size, the level of assessment required, the season, permit approvals and regulatory review. However, our goal is always to keep your project on schedule by working as efficiently and effectively as possible. More information on regulatory timelines in Alberta and BC can be found here.
What happens if archaeological materials are found?
This means that we have identified a site! We carefully document and record all information, include it into our reporting, and determine the next best steps depending on the project. All sites found in Alberta are recorded using site forms that are submitted to The Alberta Archaeological Sites Inventory. Recovered artifacts are then submitted to the Royal Alberta Museum. Learn more about the reporting process.
When a site is identified in British Columbia, it is carefully recorded and documented using a site form that is submitted to the Archaeology Branch and entered into the provincial database, Remote Access to Archaeological Data (RAAD). The artifacts are managed in accordance with permit requirements and may be deposited with the Royal BC Museum or another approved repository.
How do I pursue a career in archaeology or CRM?
At Circle, we recognize archaeology as a profession. For this reason, it is required that our team members hold at least a Bachelor’s degree in archaeology or anthropology. However, we regularly hire students enrolled in archaeology or anthropology programs because we believe in training from the ground up.
We’re always excited to connect with students, new graduates and experienced archaeologists who are passionate about cultural heritage! See our blog for more information on how to build a career in archaeology.
Can CRM work delay my project?
The short answer is yes. If there is an archaeology site within your project footprint, further work may be required. We always recommend early stage planning to help minimize delays or disruptions. Contact us if you have any questions regarding your next project.
What is GIS?
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are mapping and spatial analysis tools. GIS is very important in our industry and is used to map project areas and collect data in the field. We also rely on GIS for predictive modelling which analyzes the landscape and terrain to identify areas with high archaeological potential. Common softwares we use include ArcGIS and Esri. Read more about how we use GIS here.
Do you work with Indigenous Communities?
Yes, we believe in and actively take part in meaningful collaboration with local Indigenous communities. To us, it is a very important part of how we work. In British Columbia, archaeological permit applications include a Notice of Intent (NOI) and Indigenous engagement period. During this time, all potentially affected Indigenous Nations are notified of the proposed project and may provide input, identify culturally significant areas or participate in fieldwork before work proceeds. It is important that Indigenous perspectives are considered early to ensure cultural resources and ancestral lands are managed respectfully. See our Indigenous Inclusion page to learn more.